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Fabrication of nGO/pGO-NanoCellulose Composite Membranes for Salinity Reduction in Domestic Water Treatment

Do Tam Nhu, Nguyen Phu Quy, Nguyen Huynh Quynh Anh, Dang Vu Bich Hanh, Nguyen Van Phuoc, Pham Thi Phuong Duyen

  1. 1Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM)
  2. 2Ho Chi Minh City Union of Science and Technology Associations
  3. 3Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMBIOTECH)

Tóm tắt

Saltwater intrusion in the Mekong Delta has become increasingly severe due to climate change and sea level rise, leading to a critical shortage of freshwater for domestic use in many coastal provinces of Vietnam. Conventional desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis (ED), multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), and multi-effect distillation (MED) are often associated with high operational costs, significant energy consumption, and limited applicability in rural and small-scale conditions. Therefore, the development of sustainable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly desalination materials is urgently needed. In this study, nanocellulose was successfully extracted from banana pseudostem waste through alkaline treatment, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis processes. Nitrogen/phosphorus-doped graphene oxide (n-pGO) was synthesized using a modified Hummers method. A green nanocomposite membrane based on nanocellulose and n-pGO was subsequently fabricated via a multi-layer coating approach on a nanocellulose substrate. In addition, a 10L pilot-scale filtration model was designed to evaluate the practical desalination performance of the developed membrane. The obtained nanocellulose/n-pGO membrane exhibited excellent desalination efficiency with salt rejection exceeding 97% and a stable permeation flux ranging from 160–180 L·m⁻²·bar⁻¹ under atmospheric pressure conditions. The treated water satisfied most requirements of QCVN 01-1:2024/BYT for domestic water quality, including significant total dissolved solids (TDS) reduction, turbidity below 0.2 NTU, and complete removal of E.coli and Coliform bacteria. Furthermore, the membrane demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity, strong antifouling performance with a flux recovery ratio (FRR) above 85% after multiple cycles. These findings indicate that the integration of banana-derived nanocellulose with doped graphene oxide offers a promising green nanocomposite membrane for low-cost and sustainable desalination applications, particularly for saline-affected regions in Vietnam.

Từ khóa

Nanocellulose graphene oxide nanofiltration membrane banana stem desalination

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Tài trợ / Acknowledgment

The authors thank the Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) and Vietnam National University (VNU-HCMC) for providing facilities and support for this research.

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